Finding and Applying for a Job

Most vacancies are now found online. This means that you will need to know how to use a computer. However, it is still worthwhile knocking on the door of local employers to ask if they have any vacancies. There is a lot of advice and information about how to apply for jobs. It can be overwhelming, so this section covers only the necessities. You will find a list of websites with great advice for writing CVs and cover letters at the end of this section.

Job search websites

There are hundreds of different job sites, or employment websites, where you can find job vacancies advertised. You can find a list of the most commonly used ones here with some advice on how to choose the best one for you. Recruitment agencies frequently use job sites.

There are some sites that specialise in certain professions or work sectors. CharityJob is an example of one that is widely used by the Third Sector.
Many companies have pages on their website listing job vacancies, and you can apply directly on their own site. This is more common with large businesses, so if you know the main companies working in your industry you should sign up to their sites for updates.

Networking

Networking is important and many people find jobs through friends, family, and ex-colleagues. This is much more difficult if you do not have those networks in the UK but there are ways to build them. It is worth sending your CV and covering letter to small and medium sized businesses to ask about vacancies. These companies do not always have dedicated HR staff, so vacancies are not always advertised. Even if they have nothing now it is a way to start the conversation and they will remember you if something comes up in the future.

LinkedIn is the best-known online networking site for professionals finding work. Here is some good advice on how to use it to your advantage when you are looking for work.

Transferable skills

Transferable skills are skills that you use in every job. Some are easy to describe in a job application, for example project management and IT skills. Other transferable skills include relationship building and attention to detail.

Transferable skills are considered very important in the UK. Employers recognise that a person with transferable skills is flexible to adapt to changing workplaces Many job descriptions list a series of skills that the company is looking for. You may not have all the requested skills, but your transferable skills could be very similar.

CV and covering letter

A CV, or resume, is a document that lists your education, skills, experience, and employment history. There is no right or wrong way to write a CV but there are a few basic rules you should follow.

• Use a clear structure
• Keep it short
• Avoid spelling errors
• Tailor it to the role

What not to include in your CV

• Unprofessional email address
• Photograph
• Personal details

Application forms

Employers do not always ask for a CV. Sometimes they will ask you to complete an application form, which is usually online. Your CV will come in useful here as you can cut and paste most of the information.

When you complete a job application there is always a section which asks you to explain more about your application. This requires more detail than a covering letter.

Vacancies are usually advertised with a Job Description and Person Specification, which tells you what the job involves, and a list of skills, knowledge and experience are required to do the job.

When you complete this section, you should try to match your answer with this list, giving examples if possible.

There is usually a deadline to apply for a job. Don’t leave it until the last minute!

Interview

There are different types of job interview, they may take place face to face, on the telephone or via video conferencing software. Sometimes interviews take place in assessment centres.

You should prepare in advance for an interview and research as much about the company and the job role as possible.

There are some common questions that employers are likely to ask so you can practise your answers to these. Examples include:

• Can you tell us about yourself?
• Why do you want to work here?
• What are your strengths and weaknesses?
• How do you manage your work?
• Can you give me an example of when you have had to deal with a difficult situation?

At the end of the interview you may be asked if you have any questions. Make sure your questions are relevant. You could ask about training opportunities or the day to day working culture.

References

References are people who can talk about your work experience, skills, and character. Most employers ask for two references, one of whom should be your most recent Manager. A Manager may be able to speak about your transferable skills, for example that you are organised and a good problem solver.

Providing this information may be difficult for some people new to the UK. If your work references are all from abroad, you might include one who is comfortable to speak in English.

Character references can be from anyone who can speak about your good personal qualities, Voluntary work is a good way of getting references who can vouch for honestly, reliability and good nature.